中國國家機關(guān)名稱（中英對照）

中國國家機關(guān)名稱中英對照

全國人民代表大會National People's Congress (NPC)

主席團(tuán)Presidium

常務(wù)委員會Standing Committee

辦公廳General Office

秘書處Secretariat

代表資格審查委員會Credentials Committee

提案審查委員會Motions Examination Committee

民族委員會Ethnic Affairs Committee

法律委員會Law Committee

財務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會Finance Affairs Committee

外事委員會Foreign and Economy Committee

教育，科學(xué)，文化委員會Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee

內(nèi)務(wù)司法委員會Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs

華僑委員會Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee

法制委員會Commission of Legislative Affairs

特定問題委員會Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions

憲法修改委員會Committee for Revision of the Constitution

中華人民共和國主席President of the People's Republic of China

中央軍事委員會Central Military Commission

最高人民法院Supreme People's Court

最高人民檢察院Supreme People's Procuratorate

國務(wù)院State Council

  

(1)國務(wù)院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council  

外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs

國防部Ministry of National Defence

國家發(fā)展計劃委員State Development Planning Commission

國家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會State Economic and Trade Commission

教育部Ministry of Education

科學(xué)技術(shù)部Ministry of Science and Technology

國家科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

國家民族事務(wù)委員會State Ethnic Affairs Commission

公安部 Ministry of Public Security

國家安全部 Ministry of State Security

監(jiān)察部 Ministry of Supervision

民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

司法部 Ministry of Justice

財政部 Ministry of Finance

人事部 Ministry of Personnel

勞動和社會保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

國土資源部Ministry of Land and Resources

建設(shè)部Ministry of Construction

鐵路部 Ministry of Railways

交通部 Ministry of Communications

信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部 Ministry of Information Industry

水利部Ministry of Water Resources

農(nóng)業(yè)部Ministry of Agriculture

對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

文化部Ministry of Culture

衛(wèi)生部Ministry of Public Health

國家計劃生育委員會State Family Planning Commission

中國人民銀行People's Bank of China

國家審計署State Auditing Administration

  

(2)國務(wù)院辦事機構(gòu)Offices under that State Council  

國務(wù)院辦公廳General Office of the State Council

僑務(wù)辦公廳Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs

港澳辦公廳Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office

臺灣辦公廳Taiwan Affairs Office

法制辦公廳Office of Legislative Affairs

經(jīng)濟(jì)體制辦公廳Office for Economic Restructuring

國務(wù)院研究室Research Office of the State Council

新聞辦公室Information Office  

 

(3)國務(wù)院直屬機構(gòu)Departments Directly under the State Council   

海關(guān)總署General Administration of Customs

國家稅務(wù)總局State Taxation Administration

國家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局State Environmental Protection Administration

中國民用航空總局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)

國家廣播電影電視總局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television

國家體育總局State Physical Cultural Administration

國家統(tǒng)計局State Statistics Bureau

國家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce

新聞出版署Press and Publication Administration

國家版權(quán)局State Copyright Bureau

國家林業(yè)局State Forestry Bureau

國家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision

國家藥品監(jiān)督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)

國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)

國家旅游局National Tourism Administration

國家宗教事務(wù)局State Bureau of Religious Affairs

國務(wù)院參事室Counsellors' Office of the State Council

國務(wù)院機關(guān)事務(wù)管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council

  

(4)國務(wù)院直屬事業(yè)單位Institutions Directly under the State Council  

新華通訊社Xinhua News Agency

中國科學(xué)院Chinese Academy of Sciences

中國社會科學(xué)院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

中國工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering

國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council

國家行政學(xué)院National School of Administration

中國地震局China Seismological Bureau

中國氣象局China Meteorological Bureau

中國證券監(jiān)督管理委員會China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)

  

(5)部委管理的國家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission) 

國家糧食儲備局(國家發(fā)展計劃委員會)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)

國家國內(nèi)貿(mào)易局 State Bureau of Internal Trade

國家煤炭工業(yè)局 State Bureau of Coal Industry

國家機械工業(yè)局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry

國家冶金工業(yè)局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry

國家石油和化學(xué)工業(yè)局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry

國家輕工業(yè)局State Bureau of Light Industry

國家紡織工業(yè)局State Bureau of Textile Industry

國家建筑材料工業(yè)局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry

國家煙草專賣局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau

國家有色金屬工業(yè)局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry

  

(以上由國家經(jīng)貿(mào)委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)

  

國家外國專家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)

國家海洋局(國土資源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)

國家測繪局(國土資源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)

國家郵政局(信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)

國家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)

國家中醫(yī)藥管理局(衛(wèi)生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)

國家外匯管理局(中國人民銀行總行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People's Bank of China)

國家出入境檢驗檢疫局(海關(guān)總署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)

聯(lián)合國專業(yè)英語詞匯

International Court of Justice 國際法院

Security Council 安全理事會

General Assembly 聯(lián)合國大會

Secretariat 秘書處

Office of the Secretary General 秘書長辦公室

　　Office of Legal Affairs 法務(wù)局

　　Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 證治安全局

　　Department of Economic and Social Affairs 經(jīng)濟(jì)社會局

　　Office of Public Information 公共資料處

　　Department of Conference Services 會議局

　　Office of General Services 總務(wù)處

United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 　　

聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易開發(fā)事物局

　　Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 聯(lián)合國工業(yè)開發(fā)機構(gòu)

　　United Nations Administrative Tribunal 聯(lián)合國行政裁判所

　　International Law Commission 國際法委員會

　　United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law國際貿(mào)易法委員會

Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 　　

公海海底海床和平利用特別委員會

Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 　　

擴(kuò)大計劃調(diào)整委員會

　　Economic and Social Council 經(jīng)濟(jì)社會理事會

　　Statistical Commission 統(tǒng)計委員會

　　Population Commission 人口委員會

　　Commission for Social Development 社會開發(fā)委員會

　　Commission on Human Rights 人權(quán)委員會

　　Commission on the Status of Women 婦女地位委員會

　　Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉藥委員會

　　Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民間機構(gòu)委員會

　　Committee on Housing, Building and Planning　住宅建筑企劃委員會

　　Committee for Development Planning 開發(fā)計劃委員會

　　Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 維護(hù)和平活動特別委員會

　　United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易開發(fā)會議

　　Trade and Development Board,TDB 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)委員會

　　United Nations Development Program,UNDP 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃處

　　United Nation Children's Fund,UNICEF 聯(lián)合國兒童基金會

United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO

聯(lián)合國工業(yè)開發(fā)組織

United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF　 　

聯(lián)合國資本開發(fā)基金會

United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 　　

聯(lián)合國調(diào)查訓(xùn)練研究所

　　United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 　　

        聯(lián)合國FAO世界糧食計劃國際委員會

　　International Narcotics Control Board,INCB國際麻醉藥管制委員會

　　Trusteeship Council 信托投資理事會

　　International Labor Organization,ILO國際勞工組織

　　Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 聯(lián)合國糧食農(nóng)業(yè)組織

　　United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO　　

        聯(lián)合國教育科學(xué)文化組織

　　International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO國際民間航空組織

　　World Health Organization,WHO世界衛(wèi)生組織

　　International Telecommunications Union,ITU國際電信同盟

　　World Meteorological Organization,WMO世界氣象組織

　　Universal Postal Union,UPU萬國郵政聯(lián)盟

　　International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO國際海事協(xié)議組織

　　International Finance Corporation,IFC國際金融組織

　　International Monetary Fund,IMF國際貨幣基金會

　　International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界銀行

　　International Development Association,IDA 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會

　　General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有關(guān)關(guān)稅貿(mào)易一般規(guī)定

　　International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 國際原子能組織

　　World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界勞工組織

　　International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU國際自由勞工聯(lián)盟

　　International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 國際工農(nóng)商會

　　International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC國際農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)聯(lián)盟

　　Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 諸國會議同盟

　　International Organization of Employers,IOE 國際雇傭者組織

　　World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍軍人聯(lián)盟

　　International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治聯(lián)盟

　　United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市團(tuán)體聯(lián)盟

中共中央委員會CPC      Central Committee
中國共產(chǎn)黨第十六次全國代表大會     16th National Congress of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC)
中國人民政治協(xié)商會議全國委員會（簡稱 全國政協(xié)）    National Committee of the Chinese People\'s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
中國人民政治協(xié)商會議全國委員會常務(wù)委員會     Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
中國政協(xié)委員    member of the National Committee of CPPCC
中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會    Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

金融、保險機構(gòu)

中國人民銀行 People\'s Bank of China
中國人民建設(shè)銀行 People\'s Construction Bank of China
中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China
中國銀行 Bank of China
交通銀行 Bank of Communications
中國投資銀行 China Investment Bank
中信實業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
廈門國際銀行 Xiamen International Bank
廣東發(fā)展銀行 Guangdong Development Bank
浦東發(fā)展銀行 Pudong Development Bank
中國國際信托投資公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation
中國人民保險公司 People\'s Insurance Company of China
平安保險公司 Ping An Insurance Company
中國人壽保險公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd.

世貿(mào)組織

《巴黎公約》(關(guān)于保護(hù)工業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的公約)      Paris Convention
《巴塞爾公約》（有關(guān)危險廢棄物的多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定）  Basel Convention
《北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》     NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
《瀕危物種國際貿(mào)易公約》    Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
《伯爾尼公約》（有關(guān)保護(hù)文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品版權(quán)的公約）    Berne Convention
《多種纖維協(xié)定》    MFA (Multifibre Agreement)
《紡織品與服裝協(xié)議》    ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)
《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》    GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)
《關(guān)于爭端解決規(guī)則與程序的諒解》    DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)
《京都議定書》     Kyoto Protocol
《里斯本條約》（有關(guān)地理標(biāo)識及其國際注冊）    Lisbon Agreement
《蒙特利爾議定書》(有關(guān)保護(hù)大氣臭氧層的多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定)     Montreal Protocol
《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品協(xié)議》特殊保障     SSG (Special Safeguard)
《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》中關(guān)于反補貼的和平條款    Peace clause
《生物多樣性公約》     CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)
《信息技術(shù)協(xié)議》     ITA (Information Technology Agreement)
WTO最不發(fā)達(dá)國家高級別會議     HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)
北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)      NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)

東部和南部非洲共同市場     COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)
東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)     ASEAN Free Trade Area
動植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施     SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )

非洲、加勒比和太平洋國家集團(tuán)（洛美協(xié)定）    ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)
風(fēng)險管理/評估     risk management/ assessment
關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定，世界貿(mào)易組織的前身      GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
規(guī)避     Circumvention
國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織     ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
國際紡織品服裝局    ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)
國際貨幣基金組織    IMF (International Monetary Fund)
國際勞工組織     ILO (International Labor Organization)
國際貿(mào)易中心     ITC (International Trade Center)
國際貿(mào)易組織     ITO (International Trade Organization)
國際貿(mào)易組織臨時委員會    ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)
國際清算     international settlement
國際收支     balance of international payments/ balance of payment
國際收支條款    BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions
國際獸疫組織    International Office of Epizootics

經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織      OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
垃圾融資     junk financing
聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署     UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)
聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署    UNDP (United Nations Development Program)
聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織    FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)
聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會議    UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
糧食安全    Food security
慢性蕭條    chronic depression　
貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化    TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)
貿(mào)易與發(fā)展委員會     Committee on Trade and Development
貿(mào)易與環(huán)境委員會     Committee on Trade and Environment
模式     Modalities
南方共同市場（或稱南錐體共同市場）     MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)
南亞區(qū)域合作聯(lián)盟     SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)
歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟     EFTA (European Free Trade Association)

食品法典委員會    CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)
世界海關(guān)組織    WCO (World Customs Organization)
世界貿(mào)易組織    WTO (World Trade Organization)
世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織     WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
市場準(zhǔn)人的行政管理措施    AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)

協(xié)調(diào)制度（商品名稱及編碼協(xié)調(diào)制度）    HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)

知識產(chǎn)權(quán)    IPRs (Intellectual property rights)

轉(zhuǎn)基因生物    GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)
祖父條款      grandfather clause
最不發(fā)達(dá)國家    LDCs (Least-developed countries)
最初談判權(quán)(初談權(quán))     INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)
最惠國待遇（現(xiàn)通常稱\'正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系\'）    MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment
最惠國貿(mào)易地位(待遇)      MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)

WTO術(shù)語英文解釋

 

General

GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.
GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.
GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.
Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).
MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.
TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade
Policy Review Mechanism.
transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.
Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.

ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.
I WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.

TA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.

ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.

CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.
integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January
1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.
ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.
MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.
swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.
TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.

BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease”.

CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.

EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.

CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.

TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.
WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.

FDI — Foreign direct investment.

TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.

DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.
DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.
nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO
obligations.

GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.

ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.
Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.
Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.
CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development
Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC).
EC — European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO).
EFTA — European Free Trade Association.
free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA).
G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.
G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).
G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.
GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.
GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.
HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.
ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.
LDCs — Least-developed countries.
MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.
Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.
SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
S&D — “Special and differential treatment” provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements.
UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.
UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.

Trade and environment

Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro.
Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed “exceptions” to the trade rules.
Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.
BTA — Border tax adjustment
CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA.
CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.
EST — Environmentally-sound technology.
EST&P — EST and products.
ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.
LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.
MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.
Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.
PPM — Process and production method.
TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.