【CATTI筆譯】2013備考三級筆譯翻譯實務(wù)真題

【通譯課程之CATTI筆譯教學(xué)模塊】材料

以下選自通譯翻譯基礎(chǔ)課程CATTI筆譯考試輔導(dǎo)科目用于練習(xí)的部分真題

 

2006年5月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢

環(huán)保

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.
    In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.
    'It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing.' For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.
    A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.
    Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.
    Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.
    In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.
A changing Arctic is felt there, too. 'The reindeer are becoming unhappy,' said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.
    Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.
    And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.
     'The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns,' said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. 'They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.'

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its

own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

第二部分 漢譯英

2006年11月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢

疾病

Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.

Under the agreement, Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the  UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu.

'It's just enough to deal with an initial outbreak,' said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. 'But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic.'

The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.

Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded.But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.

Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns, the WHO says. A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.

When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent, Lee said: 'We don't know when it will come. But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now.'

Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu.

A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18 months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a complicated production process.

第二部分 漢譯英

２５年來，中國堅定不移地推進改革開放，社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制初步建立，開放型經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)形成，社會生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力不斷增強，各項社會事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，人民生活總體上實現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越。從１９７８年至２００３年的２５年間，中國經(jīng)濟年均增長９．４％。２５年前，中國年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為１４７３億美元，去年已達到１４０００多億美元。２５年前，中國年進出口貿(mào)易總額為２０６億美元，去年已達到８５１２億美元。２５年前，中國外匯儲備為１．６７億美元，去年已達到４０３３億美元。目前，中國經(jīng)濟總量居世界第六，進出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第四。中國之所以能夠發(fā)生這樣巨大的變化，最關(guān)鍵的原因是我們始終堅持走中國特色社會主義道路，始終堅持改革開放，激發(fā)了全體人民的積極性、主動性、創(chuàng)造性。

中國雖然取得了很大的發(fā)展成就，但中國人口多，底子薄，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達，發(fā)展很不平衡，生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然資源與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的矛盾比較突出。雖然中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)突破１０００美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中國要實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，使全體人民都過上富裕生活，還需要進行長期不懈的艱苦奮斗。

我們已經(jīng)明確了本世紀頭２０年的奮斗目標，這就是全面建設(shè)惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會，到２０２０年實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比２０００年翻兩番，達到４萬億美元，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到３０００美元，使經(jīng)濟更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進步、文化更加繁榮、社會更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實。

2007年5月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢

科技

It took nine years from the time the Danish and Swedish governments agreed to build a fixed link between their countries to the time the first car, train, truck and bicyclists crossed the Oresund Bridge.

Construction of the bridge, including design and cornerstone, began in March 1991 and was completed in July 2000. Today, it is the longest stone-stayed road and rail bridge in the world. At approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers), including the tunnel, it is an engineering and architectural marvel. But as time has proven, the bridge is a cultural and economic boon as well. The sleek span of concrete whose design typifies Scandinavian minimalism has contributed greatly to the development of the Oresund region: the eastern part of Denmark, including Copenhagen, and the southwestern part of Sweden, including Malmö and Lund.

The level of commuting between Malmö and Copenhagen has quadrupled since the opening of the bridge in 2000, and the number of Danes moving to the south of Sweden has increased sixfold. The Oresund region has become a cultural and economic powerhouse, considered a model region by the European Union.

Work on the bridge began in 1995, and was undertaken by a team of international consulting and construction companies.

From the beginning, construction of the bridge complied with some of the world’s toughest environmental regulations, as well as many advanced design and construction details. The Mexico-based CEMEX, one of the world’s largest producers of Cement and ready-mix concrete, was awarded a contract to deliver tons of high-quality cement to help build the main part of the bridge, the two approach bridges and the tunnel.

When it opened in July 2000, the Oresund Bridge consisted of a 3.5-kilometer immersed tunnel, the largest of its kind in the world, a 4-kilometer long artificial island (made from mud dug out from the bottom of strait to make space for the tunnel) and a 7.8-kilometer cable-stayed bridge, the world’s longest bridge including both a highway and a railroad.

Though just half of the total construction, the actual bridge span, is visible above water, the overall architecture was designed to please the eye from both the Danish and Swedish sides of the strait.

The four 204-meter (670 feet) tall pillars carrying the bridge have a simple Scandinavian design. To drivers and passengers crossing the bridge, the pillars provide a visual, as well as actual, impression of stability and calm.

The two-level structure is made of steel and concrete. Along tile two approach bridges, tracks are piaced in concrete troughs that turn into steel decks on the bridge. The bridge’s upper deck carries cars and trucks, while the lower deck accommodates the railroad. The four pillars are grounded in giant cement boxes placed at the bottom of the strait, about 18 meters below sea level.

Last year, an average of 13,600 vehicles and 17,000 passengers crossed the bridge everyday, and traffic continues to increase by 10-20 percent every year.

Throughout the construction process, the Danish and Swedish environmental agencies have surveyed but found no changes in the wildlife, birds, fish and vegetation surrounding the bridge. In addition, the chemicals used in construction and the percentage of waste materials have been kept to a minimum, as required by both Danish and Swedish laws.

In 2003, the Oresund Bridge won the IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structural Award for its innovative design, planning and construction management, as well as its strict compliance with the time schedule, budget and environmental requirements.

第二部分 漢譯英

能源是人類社會賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)?？v觀人類社會發(fā)展的歷史，人類文明的每一次重大進步都伴隨著能源的改進和更替。能源的開發(fā)利用極大地推進了世界經(jīng)濟和人類社會的發(fā)展。
    過去100多年里，發(fā)達國家先后完成了工業(yè)化，消耗了地球上大量的自然資源，特別是能源資源。當(dāng)前，一些發(fā)展中國家正在步入工業(yè)化階段，能源消費增加是經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的客觀必然。
    中國是當(dāng)今世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟，擺脫貧困，是中國政府和中國人民在相當(dāng)長一段時期內(nèi)的主要任務(wù)。20世紀70年代末以來，中國作為世界上發(fā)展最快的發(fā)展中國家，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的輝煌成就，成功地開辟了中國特色社會主義道路，為世界的發(fā)展和繁榮作出了重大貢獻。
    中國是目前世界上第二位能源生產(chǎn)國和消費國。能源供應(yīng)持續(xù)增長，為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展提供了重要的支撐。能源消費的快速增長，為世界能源市場創(chuàng)造了廣闊的發(fā)展空間。中國已經(jīng)成為世界能源市場不可或缺的重要組成部分，對維護全球能源安全，正在發(fā)揮著越來越重要的積極作用。

2007年11月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢

敘事

One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.
    In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face.
    But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies.
It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C's and D's, and college never felt like home, anyway.
    'I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck,' Mr. Blevins recalled. 'I just knew I didn't want to quit.'
    So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.
    Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20's now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960's, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most come from poor and working-class families.
    'The system makes a false promise to students,' said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.

第二部分 漢譯英

中國自1978年開始實行改革開放政策以來，極大地解放和發(fā)展了中國的社會生產(chǎn)力，我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長9.67%。中國在世界經(jīng)濟總量中所占比重不到1%，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達到了4%。從1978—2005年，中國經(jīng)濟年均增長9％以上，GDP由1 473億美元增加到22 600億美元，年進出口貿(mào)易總額由206億美元增加到16 000億美元，外匯儲備由1億多美元增加到8 000多億美元。目前，中國經(jīng)濟總量居世界第4位，進出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第3位。

中國堅持以和平的方式發(fā)展，一貫奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策。中國的外交宗旨是維護世界和平、促進共同發(fā)展。中國的發(fā)展有利于中國周邊地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定、世界的持久和平與各國的共同發(fā)展。事實表明，中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，正在成為亞太地區(qū)、乃至整個世界經(jīng)濟增長的重要推動力量。中國的崛起不會妨礙任何人，也不會威脅任何人。

中國用科學(xué)發(fā)展觀指導(dǎo)國內(nèi)發(fā)展，同時維護國際社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。中國充分利用世界和平發(fā)展帶來的機遇發(fā)展自己，又以自身的發(fā)展更好地維護世界和平。中國堅持奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是維護世界和平、促進共同發(fā)展。中國發(fā)展是世界發(fā)展的一個重要組成部分，中國以自己的發(fā)展促進了世界的和平，為人類社會的發(fā)展進步作出了貢獻。

中國為促進周邊地區(qū)和世界經(jīng)濟的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展作出了貢獻。尊重和維護世界的多樣性，構(gòu)建和諧社會。

中國堅持奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是維護世界和平、促進共同發(fā)展。

2008年5月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分英譯漢

科技

A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.

Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.

'This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,' said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the sea of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. 'Of course we hope it helps the environment, too.'

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a 'binding target' requiring member states to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 - the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.

Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.

As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable crop in a number European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at €22 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 pounds - nearly twice the €11-to-€12 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market last year. Better still, European farmers are allowed to plant biofuel crops on 'set-aside' fields, land that EU agriculture policy would otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.

But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both benefits as well as tradeoff and risks - including higher and wildly fluctuating global food prices. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels,

'At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,' said Gustavo Best, an expert at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. 'But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we're seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.'

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the UN World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new dilemmas for her agency. 'An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.'

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.

'New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,' said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. 'Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to quickly to historical highs.'

For some experts, more worrisome is the potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy plantings. In the developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.

But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.

'We see in the United States farmers going crazy growing corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed,' said Michael Mann, a commission spokesman. 'So we see biofuel as a good opportunity - but it shouldn't be the be-all and end-all for agriculture.'

In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was 'not a shot in the dark,' but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continent's poor. Over the next 14 years, she calculated, it would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed may rise between 5 percent and 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.

第二部分 漢譯英

中國歷來重視人才工作，并實施”人才強國“戰(zhàn)略，大力開發(fā)人力市場資源，為人才發(fā)揮作用創(chuàng)造必要的條件和環(huán)境中國目前實行的是工程技術(shù)人員職稱聘任制度，經(jīng)過多年的實踐，中國已經(jīng)形成了一套比較完整的工程技術(shù)人員制度，并探索實行工程技術(shù)人員職稱聘任制度制度。

工程技術(shù)人員職務(wù)聘任制度形成于計劃經(jīng)濟時期，隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的建立和經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展需要進一步完善和改革，人事部、建設(shè)部、教育部、中國工程院、中國科協(xié)等部門專門成立了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，組織關(guān)于技術(shù)人才的研究，提出工程技術(shù)人才改革框架，建立以業(yè)績和能力為導(dǎo)向的、科學(xué)的、人才績效評價制度，并積極促進工程師國際互認和資格準入制度。

2008年11月人事部三級筆譯真題

環(huán)保

第一部分英譯漢

    With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.

    This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault, received its first seeds here—millions of them. Bored into the middle of a snow-topped Arctic mountain in Longyearbyen, Norway, the seed valut has as its goal the storing of every kind of seed from every collection on the planet.

    While seeds will remain in ordinary seed banks, the vault’s stacked gray boxes will form a backup in case natural disaster or human error erases the seeds from the outside world.

For year, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and schoot collection. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava.

    These scattered efforts are being consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of rising alarm about the trend of climate change and its impact on world food production.

    This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices reached record highs and wheat stockpiles dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. Droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world.

    A well-organized system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises because it could identify strains that are better able to cope with a changed environment. At the Global Seed

    Vault, hundreds of boxes containing seeds from Syria to Mexico were being moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. Collectively they harbor a vast range of characteristics, including the ability to withstand drier, warmer climates.

Seeds must be stored at minus 20 degrees Celsius (minus 4 Fahrenheit). Underground in Longyearbyen, just 1,000 kilometers, or 600 miles, from the North Pole, the seeds will stay frozen regardless of power failures.

    The vault was built by Norway, and its operations are financed by government and private donations including $20 million from Britain, $12 million from Australia, $11 million from Germany and $6.5 million from the United States.

    The effort to preserve a wide variety of plant genes in banks is particularly urgent because many farms now grow just one or two crops. They are particularly vulnerable to pests, disease and climate change.

    Just as efforts to preserve biodiversity increase, economics encourages farmers to focus on fewer crops. But the stored seeds many contain traits that will prove advantageous in another time.

    “You need a system to conserve the variety, so it doesn’t become extinct,” said Cary Fowler president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, the non-profit group that runs the vault. ”A farmer may make a bowl of porridge with the last seeds of a strain that is of no use to him, and then it’s gone. And potentially those are exactly the seeds we will need a decade later.”

Scientists are also working to learn more about the genetic characteristics of each banked seed—crucial knowledge that is often not recorded. Ultimately plant breeders will be able to consult a global database to find seeds suitable for the particular challenge confronting a region, like corn with a stalk that is strong enough to resist high winds or wheat that needs less water.

  第二部分漢譯英

    在上海的現(xiàn)代化輕軌列車上，上班族有的在打手機，有的在用筆記本電腦，有的在觀賞車內(nèi)順平顯示器上播放的電影。全國各地，半導(dǎo)體工廠在昔日的農(nóng)田拔地而起，而在日益擴展的城市中，眾多大學(xué)校園和新公司林立的高科技園區(qū)正再現(xiàn)美國硅谷的模式。

    中國擁有大量的技術(shù)人才。依靠這些人才，中國的高科技設(shè)計和開發(fā)能力正日益提高。

    中國承擔(dān)了大批全球制造業(yè)務(wù)，生產(chǎn)電視機、電腦、移動電話和其他電子產(chǎn)品。同時，中國正計劃制造電腦芯片和網(wǎng)絡(luò)交換機等更復(fù)雜、更精密的高科技產(chǎn)品。

    中國政府正致力于扶持信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，使之成為一大經(jīng)濟支柱，重點發(fā)展半導(dǎo)體和軟件工業(yè)，并對新公司采取提供價廉土地和稅收優(yōu)惠等激勵措施。

對外國投資者來說，中國的美麗在于其規(guī)模龐大、擴展迅速的國內(nèi)市場。另一個優(yōu)勢則是低工資，中國工程師的薪水僅是西方同行的十分之一。

2009年5月人事部三級筆譯真題

能源

第一部分英譯漢

    Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

    The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects- from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grain.

    In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made u of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10-percent target 'overambitious' and an 'experiment' whose 'unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control.'

    'The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem,' Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.

    He said that part of the problem was that when it set the target, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions 'in isolation,' without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.

    'The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gases and we need to control traffic emissions,' Somlyody said. 'But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet.'

    The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.

    It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels --encouraged by a rash of targets and subsidies in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.

    Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and swamps are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save.

Meanwhile, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.

    In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.

    The prices of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.

    'Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations,' said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

    Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel used to transport food is more expensive, and there have been unexpected droughts this year as well.

Should we conclude that all biofuels are bad?

    No. But motivated by the obvious problems now emerging, scientists have begun to take a harder look at their benefits.

    For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.

To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.

 

第二部分 漢譯英

    作為一個國際商業(yè)中心，上海擁有繁忙的港口，亞洲最重要的證券交易所之一，以及世界500強都不能忽視的巨大市場。

    上海已建成全國頂級的博物館和歌劇院，還將舉辦2010年世界博覽會，向人們展示其商業(yè)和文化中心的地位。在世博會153年的歷史中，擁有1700萬人口的上海將成為發(fā)展中國家的首個東道主。

    預(yù)計在2010年5月至10月的世博會期間，參觀人數(shù)將達到創(chuàng)紀錄的7000萬人次。世博會的主題為：城市，讓生活更美好。上海希望通過舉辦世博會盈利的同時，能吸引資金流向其服務(wù)業(yè)。從長遠看，世博會將有利于城市改造并全面提升海海的國際形象。

    上海計劃為世博會投資30億美元。為確保世博會舉辦期間交通順暢，還將投入更多資金用于改造道路和地鐵。

    根據(jù)世博會規(guī)劃，所有會展建筑將建在黃浦江兩岸，包括眾多高科技展廳和一個會議中心。上海市政府決心通過舉辦世博會，不斷改善城市生活。世博會結(jié)束后，大部分場址將被改造成生活、辦公和休閑設(shè)施。

2009年11月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分英譯漢

敘事

    Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.

    The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.

    A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called 'Chopin's Poland' was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.

    'Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin,' said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image.

    'We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol,' she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.

    The son of a Polish mother and a French émigré father, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.

    The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.

    Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.

    Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

    'For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,'reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's'Requiem' will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.

    Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.

    Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor, as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.

 

第二部分漢譯英

    國際金融危機給中國帶來了前所未有的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。主要表現(xiàn)在：經(jīng)濟增長壓力明顯加大，進出口繼續(xù)下滑，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)明顯放緩，部分企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難，就業(yè)難度加大。這場國際金融危機與中國發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變、經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的關(guān)鍵時期不期而遇，新的挑戰(zhàn)與既有矛盾相互交織，加大了我們解決問題的難度。

    為應(yīng)對國際金融危機沖擊、保持經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，中國及時調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟政策，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，形成了進一步擴大內(nèi)需、促進經(jīng)濟增長的一攬子計劃。

    中國政府大規(guī)模增加政府支出，實施總額４萬億元人民幣的兩年投資計劃，實行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅政策，多次降息和增加銀行體系流動性，大范圍實施產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃，大力推進科技創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)改造，大力加強節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護，繼續(xù)調(diào)整國民收入分配格局，大力拓展國內(nèi)市場特別是農(nóng)村市場，大幅度提高社會保障水平。

    這些措施已取得初步成效。國內(nèi)消費需求比較旺盛，投資需求穩(wěn)步提高，社會大局保持穩(wěn)定。

2010年5月9日人事部三級筆譯真題回憶
　　英譯漢（出自紐約時報2009.3.26）：

　　LECCO, Italy - Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.
　　In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and - most important - a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.
　　They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) - a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco's twisting streets to the schools' gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.
　　At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. 'I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it's good for the environment,' he said.
　　Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town's piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town's environment auditor, estimates.
　　The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation's contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The 'school run' made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.
　　In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government's National Household Travel Survey.
　　Lecco's walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.
　　Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco's.

漢譯英（選自胡錦濤在聯(lián)合國氣候變化峰會開幕式上講話):
　　全球氣候變化深刻影響著人類生存和發(fā)展，是各國共同面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。氣候變化是人類發(fā)展進程中出現(xiàn)的問題，既受自然因素影響，也受人類活動影響，既是環(huán)境問題，更是發(fā)展問題，同各國發(fā)展階段、生活方式、人口規(guī)模、資源稟賦以及國際產(chǎn)業(yè)分工等因素密切相關(guān)。
　　歸根到底，應(yīng)對氣候變化問題應(yīng)該也只能在發(fā)展過程中推進，應(yīng)該也只能靠共同發(fā)展來解決。中國已經(jīng)制定和實施了《應(yīng)對氣候變化國家方案》，明確提出2005年到2010年降低單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆蓋率和可再生能源比重等有約束力的國家指標。
　　中國高度重視和積極推動以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)的科學(xué)發(fā)展，明確提出了建設(shè)生態(tài)文明的重大戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，強調(diào)要堅持節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的基本國策，堅持走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路，在加快建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會和建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家的進程中不斷為應(yīng)對氣候變化作出貢獻。
　　今后，中國將進一步把應(yīng)對氣候變化納入經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展規(guī)劃，并繼續(xù)采取強有力的措施。一是加強節(jié)能、提高能效工作，爭取到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年有顯著下降。二是大力發(fā)展可再生能源和核能。三是大力增加森林碳匯。四是大力發(fā)展綠色經(jīng)濟，積極發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟，研發(fā)和推廣氣候友好技術(shù)

2010年11月人事部三級筆譯真題

第一部分英譯漢   

能源

    When night falls in remote parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or kerosene lamps for illumination.
   Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stemmed economic development, held down literacy rates and damaged health.
   “Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending institution.
   Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week’s income for Waghri. “The vegetables look better by this light, and it’s cheaper than kerosene and doesn’t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern. “If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”
   In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.
   Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter’s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI in India“ They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy need,” he said. “The appliances not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon emissions.”
    SEWA, or the Self-Employed Women’s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps or trudge kilometers to collect firewood for cooking.
    SKS, Microfinance, the largest such institution in India, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while the Rural Solar Electricity Foundation helps pay for lamps and systems for homes and street lighting for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
    In neighboring Bangladesh, the state-owned and private-sector power plants can generate 3,700 to 4,300 megawatts of electricity a day against a demand of 5,500 megawatts, according to the state-run power development board. With only 40 percent of the country’s people having access to electricity, microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank have made a major push toward expanding the use of solar power. Since 2001, 350,000 solar home systems have been installed in Bangladesh and 550,000 solar lanterns have been distributed, bringing solar power to about 4 million people.
    “Right now 2.5million people are benefiting from solar energy, and we have a plan to reach 10 million people by the end of 2012,” said Dipal Chandra Barua, managing director of Grameen Shakti, an offshoot of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner Grameen Bank, which encourages the use of alternative energy.
參考譯文

    在印度次大陸的邊遠地區(qū)，夜幕降臨的時候，數(shù)億人用不上電，靠蠟燭或煤油燈照明。用小額短期貸款購買太陽能裝置，小額借貸漸漸地給這些農(nóng)村地區(qū)帶來了光明。缺電一直阻礙著那些地方的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，限制了識字率的提高，損害了人們的健康。
    賽瓦銀行是一家小額信貸機構(gòu)，其工作人員皮納•沙赫說，“早先，太陽一落山，人們就干不了多少事了?，F(xiàn)在，采取不同的方法來利用太陽，人們提高了生產(chǎn)力，改善了健康狀況，提高了社會經(jīng)濟地位?！?BR>    拉米本•瓦格里是一個菜販，她貸款購買了一盞太陽能燈，夜晚掛在菜攤上照明。一盞太陽能燈標價66至112美元，大約是瓦格里女士這樣的人一周的收入。瓦格里女士說：“這盞燈一照，蔬菜顯得更新鮮了，而且這還比用煤油便宜，也沒什么氣味?！彼烙嫞辛诉@盞燈，她每晚可多掙300盧比，合6美元。她說：“要是能用太陽省點錢，干嘛不呢?”
    在印度，太陽能項目往往能得到小額信貸機構(gòu)的資助，這些項目正幫助這個國家減少碳排放，并在未來4年內(nèi)實現(xiàn)使可再生能源的貢獻率翻一番的目標，即6%，合25,000兆瓦。
    印度能源資源研究所（簡稱TERI）高級研究員普拉迪普•達迪奇稱，不靠電網(wǎng)供電的電器，如太陽能灶和在白天吸收太陽能后可在夜間照明數(shù)小時之久的太陽能燈，將有助于減少對化石燃料的依賴。他還說：“許多人用不上電，或只能用少量的電，而用煤油、柴油或柴火滿足其能源需求，現(xiàn)在他們也能用上這些電器了。這些電器不僅能滿足他們的需求，還能提高他們的生活質(zhì)量，減少碳排放量?！?BR>    個體經(jīng)營婦女協(xié)會（簡稱SEWA）是印度日益增多的小額信貸機構(gòu)之一，其工作重點是向窮人提供廉價的可再生能源，否則這些窮人只得排數(shù)小時的隊去買煤油點燈，或跋涉幾公里路去拾柴做飯。
    SKS小額借貸公司是印度此類機構(gòu)中最大的，它向500萬客戶提供太陽能燈，而農(nóng)村太陽能電力基金會則為印度、尼泊爾和孟加拉國村民購買此類家庭用燈和街道照明系統(tǒng)付款。
    國家電力發(fā)展局提供的數(shù)據(jù)，在鄰國孟加拉，國營和私營發(fā)電廠每天能生產(chǎn)3700至4300兆瓦的電力，而每天的電需求量則是5500兆瓦。由于僅有40%的人能用上電，小額借貸機構(gòu)如格拉民銀行就大力推廣利用太陽能。自2001年以來，已在孟加拉國安裝了35萬套家用太陽能設(shè)備，提供了55萬盞太陽能燈，使約400萬人用上了太陽能。
   格拉民銀行曾因提倡使用替代能源而榮獲2006年諾貝爾和平獎，其分支機構(gòu)格拉民沙克蒂公司總裁迪帕.錢德拉.巴魯亞說， “目前有250萬人受益于太陽能，我們還有一個計劃，到2012年底前要把太陽能推廣至1000萬人。”

 

第二部分漢譯英

    互聯(lián)網(wǎng)推進了中國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展。在經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)加速向傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)滲透，產(chǎn)業(yè)邊界日益交融，新型商務(wù)模式和服務(wù)經(jīng)濟加速興起，衍生了新的業(yè)態(tài)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在促進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式等方面發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。

    互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為推動中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要引擎。包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在內(nèi)的信息技術(shù)與產(chǎn)業(yè)，對中國經(jīng)濟高速增長作出了重要貢獻。

    互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與實體經(jīng)濟不斷融合，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改造和提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，帶動了傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展與運用還催生了一批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)咨詢、軟件服務(wù)、外包服務(wù)等工業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)蓬勃興起。信息技術(shù)在加快自主創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能降耗，推動減排治污等方面的作用日益凸顯，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為中國發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟的新型戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)。

    中國政府將大力推動電子商務(wù)類、教育類網(wǎng)站發(fā)展，積極推進電子政務(wù)建設(shè)，支持發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視等新興媒體，倡導(dǎo)提供形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)，以滿足人們多樣化、多層次的信息消費需求。

 

2011年5月人事部三級筆譯真題

英國著名古跡“巨石陣”維修工程因財政預(yù)算推遲
Stonehenge, England — The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.

Renovations — including a plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument — had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget squeeze.

Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a Unesco

World Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games.The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the lawmakers say.

Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago.For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, via a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, to a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.

The overhaul was scheduled for next spring. Plans by the architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about two and a half kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones.The center would include a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history.

A transit system would shuttle visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would encourage tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.

Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start next year and be completed in time for the Olympics — but the economic downturn has changed those plans.

The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over the next five years to help close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.

English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.

Hunched over architectural renderings of the new center, Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London, like the Tate and the British Museum. But Ms. Knowles said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”

漢譯英：　　2010年9月7日國家副主席習(xí)近平在聯(lián)合國貿(mào)發(fā)會的發(fā)言

　　堅持對外開放基本國策，堅定不移地發(fā)展開放型經(jīng)濟、奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，是改革開放30多年來中國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的一條成功經(jīng)驗。招商引資、擇優(yōu)選資，促進“引資”與“引智”相結(jié)合，是中國對外開放的重要內(nèi)容。截至2010年7月，中國累計設(shè)立外商投資企業(yè)69.8萬家，實際使用外資1.05萬億美元。目前中國22%的稅收、28%的工業(yè)增加值、55%的進出口、50%的技術(shù)引進、約4500萬

　　人的就業(yè)，都來自外商投資企業(yè)的貢獻。對外開放、吸引外資是互利共贏的。對中國來說，通過持續(xù)吸引外資為國家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了必要的資金、先進的技術(shù)和寶貴的管理經(jīng)驗以及眾多國際化人才。對外商投資企業(yè)來說，則贏得了可觀的投資回報，不少在華外商投資企業(yè)成為其母公司全球業(yè)務(wù)的增長亮點和利潤中心。聯(lián)合國貿(mào)發(fā)會議最新調(diào)查顯示，目前中國依然是全球最具吸引力的投資東道國。

　　近年來，中國全面把握對外開放階段性特點，按照完善內(nèi)外聯(lián)動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟體系的要求，總結(jié)實踐中的成功經(jīng)驗，把“引進來”和“走出去”更好地結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)新對外投資和合作方式，支持企業(yè)在研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、銷售等方面開展國際化經(jīng)營。截至2009年底，中國共在境外設(shè)立企業(yè)1.3萬家，境外企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額超過1萬億美元，對外投資存量已達2457億美元，投資區(qū)域遍布全球177個

國家和地區(qū)。目前，中國正在加快推進各種形式的對外投資合作，培育發(fā)展中國的跨國公司，支持有實力的企業(yè)建立國際營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強境外基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)合作，規(guī)范發(fā)展對外勞務(wù)合作，積極推動境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)建設(shè)，緩解我國生產(chǎn)能力過剩、內(nèi)需不足的矛盾，推動國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型，帶動相關(guān)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)出口。

2011年11月13號catti三級筆譯真題

Section 1 English-Chinese Translation ( 50 points )
　　Translate the following passage into Chinese.
　　This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.
　　Claims of a 'water apartheid,' where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.
　　The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities like Manila and Jakarta, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.
　　The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.
　　By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency’s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency’s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.
　　People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.
　　In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. 'People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities,' he said. 'That’s especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. 'It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.
　　

Section 2 Chinese-English Translation ( 50 points )
　　Translate the following passage into English.
　　即使碰著豐收年成，對中國來說，要用世界百分之七的耕地養(yǎng)活全球五分之一的進口仍是一項艱難的使命。
　　中國當(dāng)時勢臨良多挑戰(zhàn)，最嚴重的挑戰(zhàn)之一就是耕地流失蹤。曩昔幾年中，平均每年有66.7萬公頃耕地被城市擴建、工業(yè)成長以及公路培植工程占用，還有1萬平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。
　　中國北方地域地下水位下降，農(nóng)人不得不改種耐旱、地產(chǎn)作物，甚至撂荒。同時，農(nóng)業(yè)基本行動措施損耗嚴重，三分之二的澆灌行動措施需要整修。
　　因為農(nóng)人為增添收入而改種經(jīng)濟作物，農(nóng)業(yè)出產(chǎn)體例正在改變。曩昔十幾年，全國水不美觀和蔬菜種植面積平均每年增添130萬公頃。是以，水稻、玉米及小麥產(chǎn)量急劇下降。中國已由糧食凈出口國變?yōu)榧Z食凈進口國。
　　中國政府把農(nóng)業(yè)更始視為甲等大事，投入大量資金用于提高小麥和稻米的收購價以及改良農(nóng)田澆灌基本行動措施。近年來，農(nóng)產(chǎn)物的價錢穩(wěn)步上升，中國政府采納此項法子音提高農(nóng)人種糧的積極性。

2012年5月27日人事部筆譯三級（CATTI）實務(wù)真題。

E-C （選自紐約時報）

        Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned.

       In his West African ho, meland, Mr, . Jallow’s salary , was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.

       Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge.

       “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.”

       The political upheaval in Libya in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said.

       The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow’s.

       From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Cañamero, the leader of the farm workers’ union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.”

       The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”

       Even now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going back to Gambia. “I would prefer to die here,” he said. “I cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they would be saying, ‘What have you been doing with yourself, Amadou?’ They think in Europe there is money all over.”

       The immigrants — virtually all of them are men — cluster by nationality and look for work on the farms. But Mr. Cañamero says they are offered only the least desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that. Most have no working papers. Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. But the men, who have usually used their family’s life savings to get here, are mostly left alone — the conditions they live under are an open secret in the nearby villages.

C-E（摘自胡錦濤2011年的講話）