【六屆通譯杯比賽輔導(dǎo)】初賽題目分類介紹之聽力選擇題2

【六屆通譯杯比賽輔導(dǎo)】初賽題目分類介紹之聽力選擇題2

上周，我們跟大家簡(jiǎn)單介紹了聽力選擇的答題技巧，今天我們?cè)賮砀蠹艺務(wù)劼犃x擇題拿到高分的兩個(gè)小“竅門”。

一、Prediction

預(yù)測(cè)是十分重要的一環(huán)。如果沒有提前讀題進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，正確率一定會(huì)大打折扣。那么怎樣進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)呢?
最有效的方法就是劃出關(guān)鍵詞。上周我們也有提到劃出關(guān)鍵詞，那么什么樣的詞才算“關(guān)鍵”呢？我們要找的其實(shí)是一種”高調(diào)詞”，如比較顯眼的專有名詞，人名，數(shù)字甚至是引號(hào)。舉個(gè)例子： 
The ‘Study for Success’ seminar lasts for____.
　　

分析：題干中，課程名稱既用了大寫又加了引號(hào)，顯而易見是所謂的”高調(diào)詞”，所以同學(xué)們可以毫不猶豫地等待音頻中的原詞重現(xiàn)。
What does Dan say about the town of Rivas?
　　

分析：題干中，Rivas是個(gè)明顯的專有名詞，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)地名?？荚囍薪ㄗh同學(xué)們將這個(gè)詞默讀一下，熟悉其發(fā)音，便于聽時(shí)定位到這個(gè)詞。

二、留心強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞

所謂強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞，不外乎but, however, yet. 只要是出現(xiàn)這類轉(zhuǎn)折詞，尤其是but后面的內(nèi)容一定是考點(diǎn)。而許多同學(xué)在聽力的過程中并未重視這一點(diǎn)，或者說在聽的過程中沒能夠抓住這一點(diǎn)，原因是什么呢?

造成后者的原因其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，就是所謂的“強(qiáng)讀”與“弱讀”。以but為例，正常發(fā)音是:[bʌt],但考試中音頻經(jīng)常為[bət], 甚至[bə], 而且速度非?？?，導(dǎo)致許多學(xué)生沒法識(shí)別出來。希望通過今天的介紹同學(xué)們能在以后的練習(xí)中對(duì)這一類轉(zhuǎn)折詞加以注意。
最后，附一道聽力選擇題供大家鞏固練習(xí)。

選擇題：

1. Which of the following is not the reason why stem cells can be used in 3-D printing technology?
A. Stem cells can develop into many different kinds of cells in the body
B. Stem cell could grow into tissue
C. They can also repair damaged tissues and organs
D. Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS), are used to replace tissues lost to disease or injury.

2. Which of the following is not the materials being used in 3-D printing technology?
A. Files in computer
B. Plastic
C. Metal
D. Special ink

3. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Nano dimension tested that the process of making one layer at a time until the objects reach full form is fast
B. Every layer of tissue within an organ, or skin, or any part of the body, has just a mixture of cells
C. The companies have produced fully functional human tissue for medical use
D. The technology of 3-D printing stem cells has only been proved in concept.

4. The two companies, Nano Dimension and Accellta, are cooperating in the field of?
A. Resembling tissue
B. Patent application
C. How to print fast
D. Liver disease

5. Which of the following cannot be inferred from what William Wagner said about the 3-D printing?
A. 3-D technology will be very useful.
B. It can help you to do a thousand experiments in parallel
C. Production of complex human tissues, such as full organs, has been happened already
D. 3-D printing would likely be more successful in producing simpler tissues like skin or muscle

 

 

原文：

An Israeli company has asked the United States Patent and Trademark Office for legal rights to a process for making a special kind of human cell.
    The company, Nano Dimension, says it uses a specialized 3-D printer to create an environment in which stem cells could grow into tissue.
    Stem cells can develop into many different kinds of cells in the body. They can also repair damaged tissues and organs. One kind, called induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) are used to replace tissues lost to disease or injury.
    The term 3-D is short for three dimensional. That means an object has length, width and height.
    In 3-D printing, 3-D models are first created as files on a computer. The printer then uses a material like plastic or metal to create physical objects. The process involves making one layer at a time until the objects reach full form.
    Usually this process is slow. But Nano Dimension said it has tested a 3-D printer that can produce stem cells much faster.
    Nano Dimension is partnering with another Israeli company, Accellta, a developer of proprietary technologies to produce IPS cells. The patent application request describes the 3-D printing process for making human tissues and organs.
    The companies have yet to produce fully functional human tissue for medical use.
    Amit Dror is the head of Nano Dimension. He said testing has so far resulted in a “proof of concept” for 3-D printing stem cells.
    “What we have proven [is] that we have the ability - by combining the know-how and IP [intellectual property] of both companies - to get to the right materials. And basically being able to print very fast, an array which resembles a tissue by using human stem cells.”
    Special ink containing living stem cells is mixed with other substances to support growth, Dror said.
    The goal is to create the right mixture that copies actual conditions in the human body.
    “It’s not that every layer of tissue within an organ, or skin, or any part of the body, has just a mixture of cells,” Dror noted. “They are located in different concentrations in different places.”
    Developing stem cells into life-like, functioning tissue has long been a problem for researchers.
    William Wagner is the director of the University of Pittsburgh’s McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine. He says 3-D printing technology can be very useful.
    “Let's say you're looking at a drug that would fix liver disease that causes the liver to not be able to enzymatically degrade some substance. Now you have the ability to do a thousand experiments in parallel, with liver tissue, with your drug, assessing the effectiveness of it.”
    Wagner added that he believes production of complex human tissues, such as full organs, is still years away from happening. So 3-D printing would likely be more successful in producing simpler tissues like skin or muscle, he said.

【參考答案】
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